The World of Plants

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Published on Tuesday, 15 November 2011 15:28

The flora of the Slovinski National Park comprises: 920 species of vascular plants, 165 species of Bryophytas, 500 species of algae, 430 species of fungi. The situation of the SNP in the middle part of the coast influences the peculiarity and separateness of the plants garment. The sea climate with cool summer and mild winter creates the conditions for plants of the Atlantic and boreal type of scope. The species characteristic for the Atlantic climate constitute quite a large group on the Park terrain, among the others, they are: sand sedgeCarex arenaria, uni-flower littorellaLitorella uniflora, sundew Drosera intermedia or royal fernOsmunda regalis. However, the species of north-eastern scope of occurrence, among the others include: cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus, black crowberryEmpetrum nigrum, twin-flower Linnea borealis. These plants arrived at Pomerania in the period of the last glaciation and constituted the tundra component, therefore today there are considered as glacial relicts. However, the only representatives of thermophilous species in the Park of the southern type of scope are: sand pink Dianthus arenarius and blue hair grass Koeleria glauca.
A long- 35 kilometre Park seaside zone is the venue of occurrence of typical psammophile plants with high grass domination. The Łebsko Spit which separates from the sea the marshy grounds and the lakes has 1-1,5 km of width and constitutes the example of zone-type plants arrangement differentiating from the grass plants of the front dunes with: lyme grassElymus arenarius and beach grass Ammophila arenaria, throughout the grey dunes with yellow everlastings Helichrysum arenarium, gray clubawn grass Corynephorus canescens, sea-holly Eryngium maritimum,sheep's -bit Jasione montana and lichens up to the seaside crowberry forest with the common pine Pinus sylvestris domination in the tree stand. The seaside crowberry forest occurs only on the Łebsko Spit, where it is a dominant assemblage and the last stage of dunes fixation. 
The Gardno-Łebsko Valley formed while the last Baltic glaciation constitutes immense areas of marshy grounds, peat bogs and meadows. Along the lakes' shores and in their vicinity, there dominate common reed Phragmites australis, which grows fieldlike and due to its strong expansiveness, it is the reason, among the others for gradual land-forming in these reservoirs. High rushes create also the less expansive species e.g. manna grassGlyceria maxima or canary grass Phalaris arundinacea. Water plants are not numerous group in the Park flora. Shallow waters of the lakes make the settlement of bulrush Scirpus lacustris, common white water-lily Nymphaea alba, yellow water lily Nuphar lutea of large floating leaves. Among the trees there dominates a common pine, which due to mere trophic requirements occupy the poorest settlements. The plants of the lakes with the strips of rushes around them, the plants of the dunes, meadows and forests decide about the uniqueness and non-recurrence of the SNP flora. Its characteristic feature is the presence of species in the settlements apparently, entirely different from each other, such as heath Erica tetralix on the highland peat-bogs, in a humid seaside crowberry forest and in deflationary depressions.